Home Air Filtration

Microplastics are everywhere. A study reported by Science News found plastic bits in nearly every part of the human body: the lungs, the blood, and even deep in the brain.

One of the ways they get there? You breathe them in.

Most people don’t think about air as a source of plastic. But every time you vacuum, wear synthetic clothes, or machine-dry laundry indoors, there’s a good chance you’re kicking plastic particles into the air.

In this article, we’ll explain microplastics, how they enter the air, and how to filter them out.

What Are Microplastics?

Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic, usually smaller than 5 millimetres (the size of a sesame seed or less). Some are so small you can’t see them at all. Any plastic fragment or fibre small enough to be airborne or ingested counts as a microplastic.

They’re made from different kinds of plastic, like polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, and others. Some look like irregular shards, while others are very fine fibres.

There are two main types of microplastics:

• Primary microplastics: Intentionally produced at a small size, such as microbeads or resin pellets.
• Secondary microplastics: These come from bigger plastic items that break down over time, such as water bottles, synthetic clothes, and plastic packaging. Sunlight, heat, and friction slowly break them into smaller bits.

And then there are nanoplastics, which are even tinier, less than one micrometre. These can penetrate your body even deeper, right down to the cellular level.

How Do Microplastics Enter the Air?

Research shows that microplastics are floating in the air and can travel far. Some are blown in from hundreds or even thousands of kilometres away.

Here are the main ways plastic particles become airborne:

• Wear and tear of materials: A lot of everyday items shed microplastics just from regular use. Friction, rubbing, or weather can break down plastic surfaces. Car tires are one of the biggest sources. When tires wear down on the road, they release fine rubber and plastic dust into the air.
• Synthetic textiles: Clothes made from polyester, acrylic, nylon, and similar fabrics shed tiny plastic fibres constantly. Washing a single fleece jacket can release up to 250,000 microplastic fibres.
• Fragmentation of plastic objects: Plastic containers, bags, and toys don’t sit there forever. Over time, heat, UV light, and pressure break them into smaller fragments. These tiny bits can become airborne when disturbed.
• Dust resuspension: Once microplastics settle as dust, any activity can send them back into the air. Vacuuming, sweeping, shaking out clothes, or even walking on a dusty floor can re-suspend plastic particles into the air.
• Outdoor sources and long-distance travel: Outside, wind and weather blow microplastics off roads, landfills, construction sites, or even the ocean surface. Once airborne, they can stay suspended for days and drift across provinces or countries.

Health Risks of Inhaling Microplastics

Doctors and scientists are still figuring out the effects of microplastics in the human body. But the early research is already raising red flags. When you inhale air with microplastic particles, they can slip past your nose and throat and get deep into your lungs.

The biggest concern is the ultrafine particles, which are under 10 microns in size. These are so small, your body’s natural filters can’t catch them. Once inside, they can lodge in your lung tissue. And unlike bacteria or dust, plastic doesn’t break down easily.

Lab studies have shown that microplastics can also:

• Damage human cells
• Interfere with how cells function
• Cause inflammation

Are Microplastics a Problem in Your Home?

Short answer? Yes. In a typical home, tiny fibers and fragments from household plastics are constantly released into the air and dust.

Recent studies have tried to quantify just how much microplastic is floating around indoors. One study in Paris apartments found on average about 0.5 plastic fibers per cubic foot of air in the living rooms.

Tiny plastic fibres and fragments are constantly released from common items like:

• Synthetic carpets
• Upholstered furniture
• Curtains and blankets
• Clothing made from polyester, nylon, or acrylic

Offices in that same study had even more (almost 2 fibres per cubic foot) likely due to more movement stirring up dust.

Some researchers estimate that babies crawling on a dusty floor may swallow over 3,000 plastic particles a year, just from dust alone.

How to Filter Microplastics from the Air

Below are the main tools that can actually capture these tiny particles and help clean the air you breathe:

Air Purifier With HEPA and ULPA Filters

If you’re buying an air purifier, make sure it uses a certified HEPA filter. These are commonly available in Canada and typically cost between $100 to $400, depending on the brand and room size. Replacing filters can cost anywhere from $40 to $200 a year.

HEPA stands for “High Efficiency Particulate Air.” These filters are one of the most reliable ways to trap microplastics. A true HEPA filter is designed to capture at least 99.97 percent of airborne particles that are 0.3 microns in size. That’s smaller than most microplastic fibres and way smaller than anything your eyes can see.

If you need even more power, ULPA filters are the next step up. ULPA stands for Ultra-Low Penetration Air. These can trap 99.999 percent of particles as small as 0.1 microns. That’s about as fine as it gets with consumer-grade filtration.

Most effective air purifiers use multiple layers to clean the air. First, there’s a pre-filter that catches big stuff like dust, hair, and lint. That helps keep the main filter from clogging too quickly.

Next comes the HEPA filter, which does the heavy lifting by trapping fine particles like pollen, smoke, and microplastics. Some units also include activated carbon filters. These won’t catch plastic particles, but they’re good for getting rid of odours, fumes, and chemicals in the air.

HVAC Systems With Advanced Filters

Your home’s heating and cooling system already moves a lot of air. You can use that to your advantage by installing a high-efficiency filter in the system.

Look for filters rated MERV 13 or higher. MERV stands for Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value. Filters with a MERV 13 rating can catch particles between 0.3 and 10 microns, which includes a wide range of airborne microplastics.

Using better filters in your HVAC setup helps reduce what ends up circulating in your home. It’s also a good idea to have your ducts cleaned every few years. Over time, dust builds up inside the vents. When the system runs, it can blow that dust (plus any microplastics trapped in it) back into your living space.

Other Ways to Reduce Microplastics Exposure Indoors

Filters help, but they’re just one piece of the puzzle. There are other simple things you can do around the house to lower your exposure to microplastics in the air:

Use natural fibre textiles (cotton, wool)

Start by switching to natural fibre textiles. Clothing, blankets, curtains, and even furniture coverings made from cotton, wool, or linen shed fewer synthetic fibres. And even when they do shed, they’re biodegradable.

A cotton sweater won’t release plastic fibres like a polyester one would. If you can’t go fully natural, even blended fabrics (like a 50/50 cotton-poly shirt) tend to shed fewer plastic fibres than 100 percent synthetic ones.

Reduce plastic-based furnishings and packaging

Take a look at the plastic in your furnishings and packaging. Plastic chairs, shelves, containers, and decorations all slowly wear down over time.

That breakdown releases tiny fragments into your home. Try swapping out high-contact plastic items for ones made from wood, metal, or glass. Even something as simple as switching from plastic to glass food containers can help.

You’ll also want to avoid scraping plastic particles into your food and reduce the bits released into the air when you handle those items.

Ventilation and humidity control

Using exhaust fans in kitchens and bathrooms can help clear out polluted air. But if you live near a busy road or in a city, pulling in outdoor air might bring more microplastics with it. In those cases, a good air purifier might be the better bet.

Either way, it’s also smart to control your indoor humidity. Keeping it around 40 to 50 percent helps reduce airborne dust. Higher humidity causes small particles to stick together or settle instead of floating around.

Regular vacuuming with HEPA-filter vacuums

Regular vacuuming is one of the easiest ways to reduce microplastic build-up indoors. Microplastic fibres settle into dust on your floors, shelves, and furniture. If you don’t clean it up regularly, it just gets kicked back into the air when you walk around or move things.

If your vacuum doesn’t have a proper filter, it might suck in the big stuff and blow the fine plastic dust right back into the room. That’s why it’s important to use a vacuum with a HEPA filter.

Air-drying clothes instead of using synthetic dryer sheets

Another habit to look at is how you dry your laundry. Using synthetic dryer sheets with polyester or nylon clothes can add to the problem. Those sheets can break down and release extra microplastic particles. Air-drying clothes is a better option (especially for synthetics) because it avoids the extra friction that causes fibres to shed in the dryer.

Policy and Research Efforts

Microplastics are starting to show up on the radar of governments and public health experts around the world. Dr. Tracey Woodruff, a leading environmental health researcher at UCSF, put it plainly: “This is a signal that we should be acting now.”

In Canada, the federal government has started taking steps. Health Minister Mark Holland recently said “there’s still a lot we don’t know about how microplastics affect human health.”

In 2024, Health Canada committed $2.1 million to fund university research on microplastic exposure. That includes studies on how people are exposed through food, water, indoor and outdoor air, and house dust—and what that means for long-term health.

Canada is also working on the bigger picture. The government has adopted a national plastics policy, aiming for zero plastic waste by 2030. Less plastic in circulation means less breaking down into microplastics over time.

Conclusion

Microplastics are in your air, your house, and your body. While scientists are still uncovering the full health effects, what we know so far is enough to take this seriously. You can take real steps to cut down your exposure.

FurnacePrices.ca lets you compare HVAC systems that support advanced filtration and energy-efficient features. You’ll get expert advice, trusted local quotes, and the tools to make your home safer and more comfortable—with no pressure.

Get your free quote today!

Frequently Asked Questions

The indoor air quality in your workplace or commercial facility affects everyone. Poor air quality has ties to health concerns, and it can also result in mould and mildew. 

Health Canada has guidelines for indoor air quality, and employers are responsible for ensuring a safe and healthy workplace, including as it pertains to IAQ.

But what exactly is considered acceptable indoor air quality, and how do you improve it? Keep reading to learn more. 

Why Does Indoor Air Quality Matter? The Hidden Dangers of Poor Indoor Air Quality

Indoor air quality affects nearly everything in your building. People breathe air to survive. That same air comes into contact with all your machinery and products. 

Failure to maintain good indoor air quality can cause some serious issues for the people working in your building and the materials they work with.

Poor indoor air quality could mean excess smoke, humidity, and allergens. Some health issues associated with air pollution include respiratory illnesses, headaches, asthma complications, and various skin illnesses. 

If you don’t use an indoor air quality monitor, then you’d never know there was a problem until people start getting sick. Furthermore, it’ll be much harder to pinpoint what exactly is making people sick without one. 

As for your equipment, high amounts of particulate matter can clog filters or heat sinks and promote corrosion. They can shorten your equipment’s usable life and present operational challenges. 

Why You Need to Monitor Indoor Air Quality

Not all places in Canada have legislation about indoor air quality, but all employers have a responsibility to ensure that a workplace is safe and healthy. That includes indoor air quality. Here are three good reasons to monitor IAQ:

1. Health: By monitoring indoor air quality, you ensure the air is safe to breathe for you and your employees. Poor indoor air quality can lead to health issues and sick building syndrome, which is associated with headaches, fatigue, irritation, and more.

2. Productivity: Breathing bad air can impact cognitive function, productivity, work quality, and absenteeism. After all, how well do you perform when you’re always tired and feeling ill?

3. Machinery: Mold, dust, humidity, VOCs, and other air pollutants also have implications for the performance, maintenance, and longevity of various types of machinery, especially electronics and IT equipment.

To monitor indoor air quality in a workplace, industrial facility, or business, you can install individual sensors/monitors or install an integrated system that works with the HVAC system to monitor IAQ throughout the entire building.

Air Quality Factors

There are a lot of different factors that can negatively affect your air quality. They all differ based on your facility’s location, the area, and the HVAC systems already set up. In some cases, the machines you use can also cause an adverse effect on your air. 

Outdoor Pollution

Air pollutants often come from outside of your building. These can include radon, pesticides, and general pollution in your area. 

For example, a facility based in an industrial area may have to deal with a lot of smoke. A facility located near a farm won’t have smoky air, but they will have to manage airborne chemicals as well as unwelcome smells. 

Indoor Elements

You can also experience poor air quality due to indoor factors, such as cleaning chemicals, newly installed flooring, and heating systems. Older buildings may run into issues with asbestos-containing insulation. If you don’t run your heating systems often, then you may smell accumulated dust when you do turn them on. 

Additionally, any fuel-burning combustion appliances will need to be properly vented or they will make it difficult to breathe. 

Allergens

While allergens don’t usually count as air pollutants, they do cause issues for anyone with preexisting respiratory issues. Allergens include pollen, animal dander, and dust. 

A properly working air filtration system should prevent any of these from getting spread around your facility. 

Viruses and Bacteria

In current times, companies need to pay special care towards preventing the spread of any illness or disease in the workplace. Poor air quality, lack of ventilation, and low humidity levels can increase the transmission rate of pathogens like coronavirus. 

High humidity can also cause bacteria to flourish, as they love warm and moist environments. 

Combatting Outdoor Pollution: Strategies for Better Indoor Air Quality

Outdoor pollution comes in many forms, including ozone, dust, allergens, greenhouse gasses, wildfire smoke, and beyond.

You can help improve indoor air quality by preventing outdoor pollution from getting inside, and here are some key strategies:

• Seal windows, doors, and leaks
• Use air conditioning in summer instead of opening windows
• Install a mechanical ventilation system
• Install an air purification system
• Clean regularly
• Install a humidity management system
• Install draft stoppers and air sealing products

The Role of Allergens in Indoor Air Quality

Allergens play a significant role in indoor air quality because they can trigger or exacerbate allergic reactions and respiratory issues such as asthma. People with allergies and asthma could be more susceptible to indoor air contaminants, including:

• Pollen
• Mold
• Dander
• Dust
• Insect droppings
• VOCs
• Smoke

Not only can allergens cause sneezing, itchy eyes, nasal congestion, and skin rashes, but they can also make it difficult to breathe, impair cognitive function, and lead to chronic respiratory diseases.

Protecting Against Viruses and Bacteria: A Crucial Aspect of Indoor Air Quality

One thing that the COVID-19 pandemic made abundantly clear was how easily pathogens can spread inside and how HVAC systems can distribute them farther.

People can spread airborne pathogens by sneezing, coughing, or shedding skin cells. What’s more, damp environments promote the growth of fungi and bacteria, such as Aspergillus or Legionella.

A healthy workforce is crucial to the success of any organization, and you can improve indoor air quality and manage the spread of pathogens by:

• Improving ventilation
• Keeping humidity levels between 30 and 50%
• Cleaning ducts and HVAC systems regularly
• Installing an air purifier like a HEPA filter or UVC light

Indoor Air Quality Testing: Methods and Importance

Indoor air quality testing is essential for protecting your employees and your business. There are a few different ways to do so. 

How to Test Indoor Air Quality:

1. Purchase an indoor air quality monitor to constantly check for any contaminants or pollutants. The best quality monitors provide measurements on humidity, temperature, volatile organic compounds, and levels of particulate matter. It should also show your Air Quality Index, which the EPA uses to determine the risk of health problems. 

2. Evaluate any health symptoms, such as congestion or headaches. Two of the most dangerous substances you may encounter are carbon monoxide and radon. 

Carbon monoxide is an odourless gas that can easily build up and can kill at high levels. Long-term exposure to radon is the second-leading cause of lung cancer in the United States, and should be prevented at all costs. 

Critical Health Symptoms to Watch for in Poor Indoor Air Environments

Poor indoor air quality can cause a myriad of symptoms and health problems, including:

• Coughing
• Sneezing
• Shortness of breath
• Wheezing
• Aggravated asthma
• Itchy, watery eyes
• Runny or congested nose
• Skin rashes
• Throat irritation
• Headaches
• Dizziness
• Fatigue
• Difficulty concentrating
• Nausea

What’s more, there are also long-term health issues associated with exposure to poor indoor air quality, such as chronic respiratory disease, recurring respiratory infections, development of cardiovascular disease, compromised immunity, and increased cancer risk.

Mitigating Carbon Monoxide and Radon: Essential Steps for Indoor Air Safety

Carbon monoxide and radon are two of the most dangerous indoor air pollutants because they’re colourless, odorless, tasteless, and have severe health risks.

Carbon monoxide is a gas produced when fuels containing carbon—such as wood, gasoline, natural gas, propane, coal, or oil—are burned incompletely. To keep your workplace safe, you should:

• Install carbon monoxide detectors
• Ensure proper ventilation
• Properly maintain gas-powered equipment, including boilers, furnaces, water heaters, and forklifts
• Have no idling policies in place for machinery

Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that’s formed from the natural decay of uranium, which is found in soil, rocks, and water. To keep your workplace safe, you should:

• Test for radon regularly
• Maintain proper ventilation
• Seal cracks in floors, walls, and foundations
• Install a radon mitigation system if radon is a problem in your building

How to Improve Air Quality

Managing your indoor air quality doesn’t have to require heavy-duty machinery or massive changes to your work environment. In some cases, something as simple as an air purifier can make a huge difference in a smaller space. 

Harnessing the Power of Indoor Plants for Cleaner Air

Plants naturally convert carbon dioxide into oxygen, as well as remove toxins from the air. The best indoor plants for air quality include areca palms, snake plants, gerbera daisies, and money plants. 

For example, the areca palm removes airborne formaldehyde, xylene, and toluene. Snake plants remove benzene and trichloroethylene, along with the previously mentioned toxins. 

Optimizing HVAC Systems for Enhanced Air Quality

Your HVAC system cleans your air by taking stagnant air and pulling it through filters, before cycling it back into your home. These filters capture dirt and debris, but they need to be regularly cleaned to get the best results. 

Likewise, you’ll need to hire an HVAC technician to clean out your ducts from time to time to account for mould growth as well as any kind of infestation. 

The Efficacy of Air Purifiers in Enhancing Indoor Air

Air purifiers are made to reduce allergens in the air as well as clean out any other airborne particulate. Some come small enough to fit on your end table and work for smaller spaces. They can also come in industrial sizes. 

Taking Action: Steps to Ensure Clean Air in Your Commercial Facility

Even if there aren’t specific regulations in your area for indoor air quality in commercial spaces, Health Canada has acceptable exposure limits for residential and public spaces.

Further, ASHRAE has standards for ventilation rates that can help ensure a safe and healthy workplace.

The Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS) has a six-part strategy for controlling indoor air quality, and it includes:

1. Identifying and removing sources of contaminants
2. Ensuring contaminants from one area (such as a bathroom or photocopy room) don’t disperse
3. Ventilating the space to bring in enough fresh outdoor air to meet local building standards and other codes
4. Scheduling certain activities (such as waxing floors) to minimize exposure to contaminants
5. Installing an air filtration system to clean the air
6. Educating employees so they know the sources and effects of contaminants

Empowering Employees with Knowledge: Understanding Indoor Air Quality

One of the main strategies recommended by CCOHS for managing indoor air quality is to ensure employee education regarding IAQ. That can include training programs, awareness initiatives, and skills development that focus on:

• What is indoor air quality and why is it important
• Common indoor air pollutants
• Health effects and symptoms of exposure to poor-quality air
• Causes of poor IAQ in the workplace
• Identifying and reporting IAQ issues
• Using products responsibly
• Understanding emergency procedures
• How to properly operate ventilation systems

Call Your Local HVAC Contractor Today 

Clean air is a premium that your employees deserve at work. However, providing it is easier said than done. When in doubt, reach out to your local HVAC contractor to learn more about your options with indoor air quality.

At FurnacePrices.ca, you can compare quotes from certified contractors in your area. All of them have verified licenses and insurance, as well as a dependable track record. 

Contact us today to get a free no-obligation quote and buy with confidence and peace of mind. 

FAQ

What is acceptable indoor air quality?

Acceptable indoor air quality refers to air free from harmful levels of pollutants, that provides adequate oxygen for breathing, and that’s comfortable for occupants in terms of temperature and humidity.

Both Health Canada and ASHRAE have standards for pollutants and ventilation rates that can help ensure good indoor air quality.

What is poor indoor air quality?

Poor indoor air quality refers to air that contains harmful levels of pollutants or environmental factors, such as mold, smoke, VOCs, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, or radon. These contaminants can negatively impact health, comfort, and productivity.

When should you stay indoors because of poor outdoor air quality?

Outdoor air quality is assessed using the Air Quality Index (AQI). When the AQI is between 0 and 100, it’s considered safe. Between 101 and 150 can be problematic for sensitive people. Anything above 151 is considered anywhere from unsafe to hazardous, and people should avoid outdoor activities and stay inside.

Good indoor air quality is critical for overall health. Whole-home air purifiers ensure pollutants, allergens, and toxins inside the home don’t negatively affect the air you breathe.

These systems connect to your central heating & cooling system and actively clean the air as it circulates.

Interest in home air filters started growing during the COVID-19 pandemic and has continued to grow because of things like increasing wildfire smoke. This guide will tell you everything you need to know about indoor air quality and whole-home air filters, including benefits, types, cost, and how to choose the right one.

Understanding Indoor Air Quality and Common Household Air Pollutants

Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a measure of the quality of the air inside a building. It accounts for pollutants, temperature, humidity levels, and ventilation, all of which can impact the health or comfort of the occupants.

Common contaminants that can impact indoor air quality include:

• Mold spores
• Dust and dust mites
• Viruses
• Pet hair & dander
• Pollen & allergens
• Fungi
• Paint, chemicals & solvents
• Cleaning agents
• Personal hygiene products
• Pesticides & herbicides
• Melamine furniture, harmful vapours, formaldehyde
• Tobacco smoke
• Wildfire smoke
• Fireplace & candle smoke
• Printer & photocopiers – e.g. ozone, volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

How Does Air Filtration Work?

Whole-home air purifier systems are for homes with existing ductwork and central heating/air conditioning.

Sometimes the filter is placed near the furnace, and other times it’s installed in the ductwork. As air circulates around your house, the filter removes airborne particles and contaminants from the air.

The most basic furnace filters will remove dust, pollen, and dander from the air, but you’ll need something more heavy duty to eliminate smoke, VOCs, mold, smog, and fine particulate matter.

The Role of Home Air Purifiers in Virus Prevention

Most standard home air filtration systems don’t sterilize indoor air. They should reduce the number of virus particles circulating in the air, but they don’t kill pathogens and won’t make any indoor space totally safe from spreading viruses or bacteria.

Air filtration systems with HEPA quality filters do a better job of removing harmful pathogens like coronaviruses. However, an ultraviolet light (UV) or other sterilization device is your best bet because they actually kill pathogens. These may be included with some air filtration systems.

Whole-home Air Filtration Benefits & Key Features

• They Treat All the Air Throughout Your Home. Unlike a portable room air filter, a whole-home air purifier cleans all the air in your house.
• They’re Cost Effective. Whole-home air purifiers are an effective and affordable method of cleansing the air you breathe.
• They Can Extend the Life of Your HVAC Systems. By eliminating dust and debris, whole-home air filtration systems can actually make your HVAC systems cleaner, which adds up to a longer lifespan and more efficient operation, saving you money in the long run.
• They Make Virtually No Noise. Whole-home units generally operate very quietly as they are integrated into the existing HVAC work installed in your home.
• They’re Efficient. Traditional air purification filters may actually restrict airflow in your home, causing the blower to work harder. Whole-house air filtration systems don’t block airflow and have no adverse effects on how your HVAC systems operate.
• They Save Space. Unlike portable air filters, whole-house air filtration systems are installed within your HVAC system and out of sight. They don’t take up any additional space in your home and don’t create eyesores in any room of your home.
• They Require Little Maintenance. Normal fiberglass air filters need to be replaced once a month (which many people often don’t do nearly as often as they should!) but a modern whole-house unit needs its filter replaced about once every three to nine months.
• Allergy relief. If you have allergy sufferers in your home, they could benefit greatly from a home air purifier.
• Improved sleep. People who have trouble sleeping because of stuffy noses and other breathing difficulties can benefit from having an air filter running round the clock. And since home air filters are quiet, they won’t disrupt sleep the way noisy room air purifiers can.

When all is said and done, a whole-house air purification system will save you time and money by protecting your HVAC system. They don’t use a lot of additional energy and are easy to

maintain. And of course, it will give your family cleaner, healthier air to breathe.

The Types of Whole-Home Air Filters

1. Flat filters are about 1-2 inches thick and made of fiberglass. These are common on most furnaces in Canada. For a few dollars more, you can purchase higher-quality flat filters that are pleated and provide more effective filtration in a similar-sized package. Some flat filters are electrostatically charged to capture very fine particles like pollen that pass through your air return system. One downside of this type of filter is that they may restrict airflow, forcing your HVAC system to work harder to push the air through the filter.
2. Extended media filters are essentially a larger and more advanced version of flat filters. They consist of an 8-10 inch block of accordion-like woven fibers, which is affixed to the ductwork and must usually be installed professionally.
3. Electronic air filters use a more powerful electrical charge than the aforementioned type to capture tiny pollutants in the air like smoke particles and are much more effective than flat filters. These filters use an electrostatic precipitator to attract and capture pollutants in an aluminum collection tray which must be washed with soap and water every 3-4 months.
4. Ultraviolet filters are the kinds that are used in hospitals and other medical facilities. UV filters are especially adept at neutralizing bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens and are typically sold as an add-on to other filtration or ventilation systems.

HEPA Standard: A Benchmark for Effective Air Filtration

There are different types of rating systems to classify air filters. Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) is a common one. MERV typically ranges from 1 to 16. The higher the number, the smaller the particles the filter can trap and the better the filtration.

The best whole-home air filters meet the HEPA standard, which ensures they “filter at least 99.97% of particles that have a size greater than or equal to 0.3 µm”. These are among the best at filtering out particles from the air.

Comparing Prices of Whole-Home Air Filters

The most affordable whole-house air filtration system is a flat filter style system. Home air purifiers get more expensive as the technology improves. The good thing about the variance in price is that there is an air filtration system that can fit into just about anyone’s budget.

One thing to note, however, is the cost of buying and replacing filters. Replacing filters can cost anywhere from $40 to $200 a year. While flat filter systems offer the most initial savings, they may be less economical in the long run since you have to replace their filters much more frequently – about once every 2 months.

With higher-end models, the potential for overall savings is greater, there is less maintenance involved, and they tend to offer the best overall air filtration, especially when it comes to fine particulate matter.

Still, it is safe to say that most homeowners spend anywhere from $650 to $2,500 on a whole-house air filtration system. Here’s a general pricing guideline for the major types:

• Flat filters: about $10 – $50 each
• Extended filters: about $400 – 700, including installation
• Electronic filters: about $600 – $1500+, including installation
• Ultraviolet air filtration add-on: anywhere from $400 – $1000+

How to Pick the Right Air Filter for Your Home: A Home Air Purifier Buyer’s Checklist 

1. Determine why you need an air filter.

• Are you looking to remove allergens like dust, pollen, and pet dander? A basic filter will do.
• Do you need to combat specific pollutants like smoke or volatile organic compounds (VOCs)? You’ll need a more powerful filter.
• Do family members have allergies or asthma?

2. Choose a filter type.

• Flat filters: Good if you’re looking to generally improve the air quality in your home but don’t necessarily have any specific concerns.
• Extended media filters: More effective than flat filters, but they still won’t eliminate things like smoke from the air.
• HEPA filters: Highly efficient at removing airborne particles, including allergens and fine dust particles. Common in homes where people have allergies or asthma.
• Activated carbon filters: Effective at removing odours, smoke, and VOCs.
• Electrostatic filters: Effective for allergens and larger particles.
• UV filters: To kill bacteria, viruses, and mold spores.

3. Consider MERV rating.

• Filters with lower MERV ratings will only filter out some contaminants.
• Higher MERV ratings indicate better filtration, but they may also reduce airflow if your HVAC system isn’t designed for it.
• For residential use, MERV ratings between 8 and 13 are generally recommended.

4. Check the filter size.

• Ensure the filter size matches your HVAC system.

5. Think about maintenance.

• Some filters need to be replaced regularly, whereas others can be cleaned and reused. Others only need to be replaced every few months.

6. Budget.

• Some systems have a higher upfront cost but require less maintenance and fewer filter replacements, so they may be more cost-effective in the long run.

7. Consult an HVAC professional.

• A qualified HVAC professional can provide personalized recommendations (including sizing) based on your specific needs and system requirements.
• Some whole-home air filtration systems (and some warranties) require professional installation.

Popular Residential Air Filtration Brands

While there are a lot of companies that manufacture whole-home air filtration systems, you might want to stick with major brands with proven products. High quality home air filtration systems are available from well-known brands like:

• Trane
• Lennox
• Carrier
• Honeywell
• GE
• Hunter
• Holmes
• Whirlpool

Considering Warranties and Certifications

Most of the major brands stand by their products with warranties that last around five years. However, professional installation may be a requirement to keep the warranty valid.

Ask about warranties when you get quotes (you can get a free one right here on our site) and go with a certified installer.

FAQ

What to avoid when buying home air purifiers?

UV air filtration systems and ionizers may generate ozone. Ozone can damage the lungs, cause respiratory problems, and exacerbate conditions like asthma. If you need a filter that kills pathogens, look for one that doesn’t generate ozone.

What are the disadvantages of an air purifier?

Like any HVAC component, an air purifier requires regular maintenance, though not all that often. The main thing you’ll need to worry about is changing the filter regularly and potentially changing the UV light, depending on the type of purifier you have.

Does an air purifier use a lot of electricity?

Most whole-home air purification systems don’t use electricity—your HVAC system’s blower circulates the air. However, some do use power, though not much. For example, UV filters require electricity to operate the light. Always look for ENERGY STAR® certified room air purifiers—they use an average of 25% less energy than standard ones.

People tend to put lots of time and effort into choosing the right high-efficiency furnace for their homes, and it’s worth also putting a certain level of care into choosing the right furnace filter. Unfortunately, it can be easy for a lot of homeowners to set it and forget it once the unit has been installed.

But regular maintenance is just as important as choosing the right model in the first place. Proper service and maintenance can improve the efficiency and lifespan of your furnace and improve the air quality in your home.

One of those important maintenance tasks is changing the filter, and this guide will go over everything you need to know about the different types of filters, getting the right one for your home, replacing and cleaning filters, and how often you should be replacing them.

Why Furnace Filters Are an Important Part of Your HVAC System

This might seem a little obvious, but furnace filters are important because they filter the air being circulated around your home.

And they’re not just important in winter—your air conditioner also relies on the blower system, filter, and ductwork attached to your furnace. In other words, furnace filters need attention year-round, or at least during the winter and summer months when you’re heating or cooling your home.

There are lots of reasons to keep your furnace filter clean and well-maintained, including improved air quality, increased efficiency, and a longer lifespan for your heating and cooling system.

Air Quality

The air inside and outside your home can be swimming with contaminants that a furnace filter can catch and remove from the air you breathe inside. Some of the most common pollutants include:

• Dust and dust mites
• Mold and fungi
• Viruses and bacteria
• Dander and pet hair
• Smoke and ash
• Volatile organic compounds
• Pollen
• Pesticides and herbicides

Efficiency and Lifespan of Your Furnace and Air Conditioner

Filters also serve another important function: they keep your furnace and air conditioner working optimally. By eliminating dust and dirt from the air, filters also keep these contaminants out of your HVAC system. This means fewer service calls, less maintenance, and a longer life for your heating and cooling systems.

Similarly, a clean filter can maximize the efficiency of your furnace and air conditioner while also improving air flow, and this results in more optimal temperatures throughout the house and lower heating and cooling costs.

Check the Furnace Manual Before Buying Replacement Filters

There are lots of types of filters on the market to choose from, and furnace filters come in a variety of sizes and thicknesses.

The best way to ensure you get a filter that will work with your system is to read through the owner’s manual that came with the furnace. The manual will tell you what size filter to buy and how often to change it. Depending on the make and model of your furnace, the manual might also tell you where the filter goes, what type to use, or how to clean it.

Getting Help When You Don’t Have the Manual

If you don’t have access to the owner’s manual, then you might be able to find a copy online through the manufacturer’s website.

Otherwise, remove the filter from your furnace and check the frame for the dimensions. If you can’t find the dimensions printed on the frame, then measure the length, width, and height (thickness) of the filter, and use those dimensions as a guide when buying your replacements.

Furnace Filter Materials, Styles, and Sizes

Materials

Furnace filters can be made of many different materials, including paper, cotton, and polyester, but the most common ones in Canada are flat filters made of fiberglass that’s about 1 inch thick. The style of filter will help to determine the material it’s made of.

Styles

Flat filters: These are the standard filters that you’re probably familiar with. They are typically made of spun fiberglass with a thickness of 1 to 2 inches. These are the cheapest and most common filters, but also among the least effective at trapping smaller particles.

Pleated filters: As the name suggests, pleated filters are made from fabric that’s pleated like an accordion. They’re usually made of cotton or polyester instead of fiberglass. These are a little more expensive than flat fiberglass filters, but they’re also better at removing smaller particles from the air.

In general, it’s worth the extra cost for a pleated filter because of how much better they perform.

Electrostatic filters: These are filters that have a special electrostatic charge. In the same way that a balloon rubbed against your hair will cling to the wall, so too will larger and smaller particles stick to an electrostatic filter better than a standard flat filter. Electrostatic filters are commonly washable and reusable.

Whole-home air filtration add-ons: There are other air purification devices you can buy for your furnace, such as UV filters, extended media filters, and electronic air filters. These devices are pricier and sometimes require professional installation, but they do have a few benefits compared to the other types of filters.

For one thing, whole-home air purifiers don’t need to be changed as often, and they’re much more effective. However, they aren’t always necessary unless someone in your home has respiratory problems or allergies, you live in an area with lots of dust or pollution, or there are other air quality concerns at play.

Sizes

Furnace filters come in lots of sizes, and the make and model of your heating system will determine which one is right.

Some of the most common sizes are 16 by 20 inches, 16 by 25 inches, and 20 by 25 inches, but they can range anywhere from 10 to 25 inches wide and 12 to 36 inches long.

In terms of depth or height, filters can be anywhere from 1 to 6 inches thick.

Reusable Versus Disposable

The most common furnace filters are disposable, so when it’s time to change the filter, you remove the old one, throw it out, and replace it with a brand new one.

However, another option is reusable filters that are specially designed to be washable. Instead of throwing the filter out every one to three months, you simply remove it from the furnace, clean it, allow it to dry, and put it back.

Like flat fiberglass filters, reusable filters aren’t as great at catching smaller particles compared to pleated filters or whole-home air purifiers, and they’re most effective against larger particles like dust and dirt.

Comparing the Effectiveness of Filters

When you’re shopping for filters, you might wonder how to determine whether or not a filter is worth the money.

Fortunately, there is an objective way to measure how effective a filter is, and that’s with something called MERV.

Minimum efficiency reporting values (MERV) is the calculation used to measure how effective a filter is at removing contaminants that range between 0.3 to 10 microns. The MERV scale runs from 1 to 20, and the higher the number, the better the filter is at eliminating small particles from the air.

Here’s a breakdown of some key MERV measurements:

• MERV 6: Filters dust, lint, and pollen
• MERV 6 to 8: Filters dust and dust mites, lint, pollen, and mold spores
• MERV 6 to 11: Filters dust and dust mites, lint, pollen, mold spores, dander, smog, and large respiratory droplets
• MERV 6 to 13: Filters dust and dust mites, lint, pollen, mold spores, dander, smog, large respiratory droplets, viruses, and bacteria

Anything above MERV 16 is typically only used in specialized settings, such as hospitals, operating rooms, clean rooms, and labs.

TIP! In some cases, thicker filters can cause your furnace and/or connected smart thermostat to detect an airflow issue. You can check with the manufacturer or your furnace manual for their recommendation, or opt for a slightly lower MERV rating.

When to Choose a Higher-MERV Filter for Your HVAC System

For some homes, a standard flat filter will provide sufficient filtration. However, there are many cases when you might want to invest in a filter with a higher MERV rating. Those instances can include:

• If a member of your household has asthma or other respiratory problems
• You have pets
• Someone in your house smokes
• You regularly use a wood-burning stove
• You live in a dusty climate
• Your home is relatively new and there’s still dust present from construction
• The basement isn’t finished
• The air quality where you live is poor
• Someone in your home has allergies
• There’s a mold problem in your house
• You’ve had issues with rodents or pests
• Your home is particularly dusty or dirty (as in, you live on a dirt road)

Furnace Filter Replacement Frequency Guidelines

How often you have to change your furnace filter will depend largely on the type of filter you have and how thick it is.

Standard flat filters should generally be replaced every one to three months during the heating and cooling seasons. If any of the aforementioned situations apply to your home (such as having pets), then you’ll probably want to change the filter monthly.

Electrostatic filters are similar, and should be washed roughly every month as necessary.

Pleated filters last longer than flat filters, and you should replace them every three to six months. Again, if you have people in your home with allergies or other factors that can negatively impact the air quality in your house, then you should replace the filters every three months.

With both flat and pleated filters, it’s important to note that thickness can also help determine replacement frequency. Filters that are between 3 and 6 inches will last longer than ones that are 1 to 2 inches, and you might only have to replace thicker ones every nine to 12 months.

Signs It’s Time to Change the Filter

It’s good practice to check your filter monthly, even if you don’t change it that often. When you inspect the filter, look for a buildup of dirt and dust on the surface that will look like a greyish or brownish film. When you see that, it’s time to change the filter.

Other signs that indicate it’s time for a replacement include if you start to notice a decrease in airflow, an increase in odours, or an abnormal amount of dust in the house.

Furnace Filter Quick Comparison Chart

How to Change a Furnace Filter

Always start by reading through the manufacturer’s instructions before attempting any furnace maintenance on your own.

The process of changing a filter can vary from brand to brand, but for most makes and models, a simplified version of the process goes like this:

1. Purchase a replacement filter that’s the right size for your furnace
2. Turn off the furnace
3. Open the access panel (you might need a screwdriver)
4. Remove the old filter
5. Insert the new filter, paying attention to the arrows on the frame that indicate the direction of the airflow
6. Replace the access panel
7. Turn the furnace back on

For furnaces with washable filters, follow the same steps to remove the dirty filter. Then, vacuum the filter to remove dust, dirt, and debris. Next, rinse the filter with clean running water, scrubbing gently with a soft brush if necessary. A wet filter can lead to mold or fungi growth, so allow the filter to dry completely before putting it back into the furnace.

Filter Brands to Check Out

There are lots of brands that make furnace filters, and there are even a few HVAC companies, like Lennox and Carrier, that manufacture their own line of filters. Here are a few of the brands you might want to consider when shopping around for replacements:

• Duststop
• Holmes
• Trane
• Honeywell
• GeneralAire
• 3M
• Whirlpool
• NOMA
• Lennox
• Blueair
• Carrier
• Hunter
• General Electric

Frequently Asked Questions

Sources

• What does MERV rating mean?
• MERV vs. MPR vs. FPR Rating Systems: Air Filter Ratings Explained

Air pollution plays a major role in at least 15,000 deaths every year in Canada. It also contributes to an increase in the number of sick days taken. Especially for people who suffer acute respiratory symptoms and asthma.

Approximately 86% of Canadians live in areas with poor air quality. These areas fail to meet WHO guidelines for air pollution.

This is a scary statistic as it’s unrealistic to avoid being outdoors. Air pollution also increases the chances of your home having bad air quality.

But how do you know if the air quality in your home is bad? Several symptoms may be an indication. Read on to find out what they are.

Why Is Air Quality Bad Today?

Increased air pollution is an unfortunate consequence of some advances in technology. Liquid droplets, organic vapors, and solid particles, as well as certain gases in the air cause poor air quality. They can come from various sources including:

• Vehicle exhaust
• Wildfires
• Factories
• Volcanoes
• Dust
• Mould Spores
• Pollen

You might be wondering why the air quality is so bad in your area. In Canada, one of the major reasons for pollution is the use of carbon-based fuels. Many types of equipment, transportation, and electric utilities rely on these fuels.

Other pollutants in Canada include solvents and paints, as well as oil and gas production.

It’s important to safeguard yourself and your family from them. One way to do this is to monitor the air quality in your home.

Failure to do so can result in major health issues. Several indicators will let you know if you have bad air in your home. 

Bad Air Quality Symptoms

It’s said that what you don’t know can’t hurt you. This is the furthest thing from the truth when it comes to the air quality in your home. Many dangerous pollutants that could be lurking in your home aren’t easy to detect. 

How will you know if it’s time to upgrade your HVAC system to improve your indoor air quality? Here are some symptoms you might experience if you have bad air quality in your home. 

Congestion and Cough

You might simply have a common cold or flu. But these symptoms can also be an indicator of poor air quality. Bad air quality in your home can include an increased concentration of particles in the air. 

Your body will naturally try to expel these as you continue to breathe them in. This might result in a cough or congestion due to a build-up of mucous. In addition, you might also experience sneezing and itchy eyes.

You may not have the flu or cold at all. Your body might just be reacting to your home’s poor air quality.

Dizziness and General Fatigue

You can experience dizziness and general fatigue when you have a cold or the flu. But it’s also something you can experience due to poor air quality in your home. 

This may occur due to the type of pollutants contributing to your bad air quality. Carbon monoxide or other gaseous or chemical contaminants can have an impact on your cognitive functions. They can cause dizziness, sleepiness, or fatigue.

Their onset might be sudden or intense. If this occurs leave your home, contact an HVAC expert.

Frequent Illness

You actually might have the common cold or flu. You might notice that you or the members of your family keep getting sick. The bad air quality could be the reason for the frequency.

Humidity can also affect air quality. The dryness in your home allows airborne illnesses to circulate in your home more freely. This will cause you to get sick more often than usual.

High humidity can lead to mold formation, with likely adverse effects.

Look out for symptoms of the flu, cold, or cough. It might be due to the air quality in your home.

Skin Irritation and Dryness

Your bad air quality might affect more than just your sinus passageways. It may also affect your skin.

The less than optimal air quality may cause your skin to become red and dry. You may even experience flaking or peeling and might develop a rash. This will cause general skin irritation.

Poor air quality can exacerbate some of the symptoms of certain skin conditions. These include acne and eczema.

Respiratory Difficulties

If your cough becomes more than just a minor irritation, it might be time to contact your doctor. If you start experiencing respiratory difficulties, contact an HVAC contractor as well.

Unchecked, this can lead to respiratory infections. If you have younger children in your home, they may be more susceptible. It’s also dangerous for people with asthma or who are immuno-compromised.

You should also not overlook your pets. Poor air quality can affect them in the same way as other members of your family.

Nausea

Nausea is one of several ways your body may react to airborne pollutants. This is often the case in extreme situations. If you have prolonged nausea, accompanied by vomiting, you should seek medical attention immediately.

If the symptoms seem to improve when you leave your home, it may be due to bad air quality in your home.

Frequent Allergic Episodes

Allergy sufferers often know the things that trigger them. Allergies usually tend to occur at a certain time of year. If your allergic episodes seem more frequent, check your air quality.

You might experience sinus headaches and congestion. If your usual remedies aren’t working this can be a sign that something else is triggering them. 

Safer Air for You and Your Family

Your home should be your haven. You should feel comfortable and safe whenever you’re there. Unfortunately, there are pollutants that can affect this.

They contribute to your home’s bad air quality. Many are not easily recognizable. It’s important to check your HVAC system regularly. This will ensure that the quality of the air circulating in your home is good. 

Furthermore, modern HVAC systems like high-efficiency furnaces will include some type of filter which can also help reduce particulates as the air circulates through the system. The quality and type of air filter as well as its overall thickness will impact how well it improves air quality, with some high-end filters being HEPA rated for the highest level of filtration.

Hire an expert who can guide you. FurnacePrices.ca can provide you with quotes from the best companies in the business. Breathe easier and compare quotes now!